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Cajamarca is located in the northern highlands of Peru. It is one of Peru's most important historic cities. This history goes back before the Spanish, and well before the Inca Empire. There are important historical and archaeological sites in the city and the surrounding area, some of which date back to at least 1000 BC. The city center has some spectacular examples of baroque colonial architecture. Most of these buildings are constructed from local, volcanic rock. On one side of the plaza is the Cathedral – on the other, the Iglesia de San Francisco. Both are constructed from this rock, but San Francisco is more impressive. One of the best things you can do in Cajamarca town itself, the hike up to Cerro Santa Apolonia, only takes about 15 minutes.